abstract：:The perception of taste and flavor can be greatly biased by extrinsic cues, or the information about a food that comes from outside of the food itself, such as package designs, brands, prices, and so on. In order to understand taste/flavor experiences in a broader context, it is necessary to consider factors other tha...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Okamoto M,Dan I

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hallmarks of cancer include multiple alterations in the physiological processes occurring in normal tissues, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and restricted cell migration. These aberrant behaviors are due to genetic and epigenetic changes that affect signaling pathways controlling cancer cells, as well as t...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Rehman M,Tamagnone L

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Additional copies of genes resulting from two whole genome duplications at the base of the vertebrates have been suggested as enabling the evolution of vertebrate-specific structures such as neural crest, a midbrain/hindbrain organizer and neurogenic placodes. These structures, however, did not evolve entirely de novo...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Holland LZ

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The skin is privileged because several skin-derived stem cells (epithelial stem cells from epidermis and its appendages, mesenchymal stem cells from dermis and subcutis, melanocyte stem cells) can be efficiently captured for therapeutic use. Main indications remain the permanent coverage of extensive third degree burn...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Barrandon Y,Grasset N,Zaffalon A,Gorostidi F,Claudinot S,Droz-Georget SL,Nanba D,Rochat A

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant and a major detoxification agent in cells. It is synthesized through two-enzyme reaction catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase, and its level is well regulated in response to redox change. Accumulating evidence suggests that GSH may play im...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Zhang H,Forman HJ

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The paralogous transcription factors ChREBP and MondoA, together with their common binding partner Mlx, have emerged as key mediators of intracellular glucose sensing. By regulating target genes involved in glycolysis and lipogenesis, they mediate metabolic adaptation to changing glucose levels. As disturbed glucose h...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Havula E,Hietakangas V

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both cell cycle progression and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that drives it are precisely regulated. Enzymatically, many ubiquitylation and degradation reactions have been characterized in in vitro systems, providing insights into the fundamental mechanisms of the UPS. Biologically, a range of degradation eve...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Min M,Lindon C

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of Notch signaling is critical to development and maintenance of most eukaryotic organisms. The Notch receptors and ligands are integral membrane proteins and direct cell-cell interactions are needed to activate signaling. Ligand-expressing cells activate Notch signaling through an unusual mechanism involvi...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Musse AA,Meloty-Kapella L,Weinmaster G

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are oxygen-sensitive transcription factors that allow adaptation to hypoxic environments. HIFs function in the cellular response to stress: metabolic, hypoxic, or inflammatory. Metabolic changes occur during tumorigenesis that are, in part, under hypoxia and HIF regulation. Additionall...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Shay JE,Celeste Simon M

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological tubes are a prevalent structural design across living organisms. They provide essential functions during the development and adult life of an organism. Increasing progress has been made recently in delineating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tubulogenesis. This review aims to introduce asci...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Denker E,Jiang D

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:APOBEC1 is a cytidine deaminase that edits messenger RNAs and was the first enzyme in the APOBEC family to be functionally characterized. Under appropriate conditions APOBEC1 also deaminates deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The other ten members of the APOBEC family have not been fully characterized howev...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Smith HC,Bennett RP,Kizilyer A,McDougall WM,Prohaska KM

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In all organisms tRNAs play the essential role of connecting the genetic information found in DNA with the protein synthesis machinery ensuring fidelity during translation. Following transcription tRNAs undergo a number of processing events including numerous post-transcriptional modifications that render a tRNA molec...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Paris Z,Fleming IM,Alfonzo JD

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic adenosine 3,'5'-monophosphate (cAMP) is the archetypal second messenger produced at the membrane by adenylyl cyclase following activation of many different G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) types. Although discovered over fifty years ago, the notion that cAMP responses were compartmentalised was born in the 198...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Edwards HV,Christian F,Baillie GS

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eukaryotic genomes exist in the cell nucleus as an elaborate three-dimensional structure which reflects various nuclear processes such as transcription, DNA replication and repair. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) combined with chromosome conformation capture (3C), referred to as 3C-seq in this article, has recently b...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Tanizawa H,Noma K

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eph receptor tyrosine kinases mediate cell-cell communication by interacting with ephrin ligands residing on adjacent cell surfaces. In doing so, these juxtamembrane signaling complexes provide important contextual information about the cellular microenvironment that helps orchestrate tissue morphogenesis and maintain...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Lin S,Wang B,Getsios S

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The simple mechanistic and functional division of the kinesin family into either active translocators or non-motile microtubule depolymerases was initially appropriate but is now proving increasingly unhelpful, given evidence that several translocase kinesins can affect microtubule dynamics, whilst non-translocase kin...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Drummond DR

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood vessels are essential conduits of nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. The formation of these vessels involves angiogenic sprouting, a complex process entailing highly integrated cell behaviors and signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss how endothelial cells initiate a vessel sprout through interact...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Chappell JC,Wiley DM,Bautch VL

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA replication normally follows the rules passed down from Watson and Crick: the chromosome duplicates as dictated by its antiparallel strands, base-pairing and leading and lagging strand differences. Real-life replication is more complicated, fraught with perils posed by chromosome damage for one, and by transcripti...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Carr AM,Paek AL,Weinert T

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Planar cell polarity, the orientation of single-cell asymmetries within the plane of a multicellular tissue, is essential to generating the shape and dimensions of organs and organisms. Planar polarity systems align cell behavior with the body axes and orient the cellular processes that lead to tissue elongation. Usin...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Vichas A,Zallen JA

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pollen tubes extend rapidly in an oscillatory manner by the extreme form of polarized growth, tip growth, and provide an exciting system for studying the spatiotemporal control of polarized cell growth. The Rho-family ROP GTPase is a key signaling molecule in this growth control and is periodically activated at the ap...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Qin Y,Yang Z

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the identification of a metazoan counterpart to yeast Mediator nearly 15 years ago, a convergent body of biochemical and molecular genetic studies have confirmed their structural and functional relationship as an integrative hub through which regulatory information conveyed by signal activated transcription fact...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Spaeth JM,Kim NH,Boyer TG

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Mediator is a large, multisubunit RNA polymerase II transcriptional regulator that was first identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a factor required for responsiveness of Pol II and the general initiation factors to DNA binding transactivators. Since its discovery in yeast, Mediator has been shown to be an int...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Conaway RC,Conaway JW

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is necessary for development of the fetus and child. Pregnant women who are vegetarian or vegan, have Crohn's or celiac disease, or have undergone gastric bypass surgery are at increased risk of B12 deficiency. Low serum levels of B12 have been linked to negative impacts in cognitive, motor, an...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Pepper MR,Black MM

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Yeast prions are atypical genetic elements that are transmitted as heritable protein conformations. [PSI+], [URE3], and [PIN+] are three well-studied prions in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the last three years, several additional prions have been reported in yeast, including [SWI+], [OCT+], [MCA], [...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Crow ET,Li L

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acquisition of the pluripotent state coincides with epigenetic reprogramming of the X-chromosome. Female embryonic stem cells are characterized by the presence of two active X-chromosomes, cell differentiation by inactivation of one of the two Xs, and induced pluripotent stem cells by reactivation of the inactivated X...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Kim DH,Jeon Y,Anguera MC,Lee JT

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The glyoxalase system consists of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II. Glyoxalase I catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxal (CH(3)COCHO), a metabolite derived from glycolysis, with glutathione to S-D-lactoylglutathione, while glyoxalase II hydrolyses this glutathione thiolester to D-lactic acid and glutathione. Since met...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Inoue Y,Maeta K,Nomura W

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The glyoxalase system has been studied since 1913. The biochemical function of this enzymatic system is the metabolism of reactive dicarbonyl metabolites, glyoxal and methylglyoxal, to less reactive products. In the last decade research has shown that methylglyoxal is the precursor of quantitatively important damage t...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Xue M,Rabbani N,Thornalley PJ

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dictyostelium cells are genetically haploid and therefore easily analyzed for mutant phenotypes. In the past, many tools and molecular markers have been developed for a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the endocytic pathway in these amoebae. This review outlines parallels and discrepancies between mutants in D...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Maniak M

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endocytotic machinery imports, transports and exports receptors and associated molecules between the plasma membrane and various cytoplasmic chambers resulting in selective recycling, degradation, or secretion of molecules and signaling complexes. Trafficking of receptors, growth factors, nutrients, cytokines, int...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Mitra S,Cheng KW,Mills GB

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This family includes EGFR/ErbB1/HER1, ErbB2/HER2/Neu ErbB3/HER3, and ErbB4/HER4. For many years it was believed that EGFR plays a minor role in the development and progression of breast malignancies. However, recen...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Foley J,Nickerson NK,Nam S,Allen KT,Gilmore JL,Nephew KP,Riese DJ 2nd

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as an essential regulatory component in plants. Many of the known miRNAs are evolutionarily conserved across diverse plant species and function in the regulatory control of fundamentally important biological processes such as developmental timing, patterning, and response to environment...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Xie Z,Khanna K,Ruan S

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Notch pathway is one of the major signaling pathways required for proper development in metazoans. Notch activity is regulated at numerous levels, and increasing evidence reveals the importance of "protein glycosylation" (modification of Notch receptors with sugars) for its regulation. In this review we summarize ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Takeuchi H,Haltiwanger RS

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:UDP-GlcNAc:alpha3-D-mannoside beta1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI, encoded by Mgat1) first appeared in evolution at about the same time as metazoa suggesting that GnTI-dependent glycans are essential for the development of multicellular organisms. This review describes the effects of mutations in the Mgat1...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Schachter H

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The N-glycan-dependent quality control of glycoprotein folding prevents endoplasmic to Golgi exit of folding intermediates, irreparably misfolded glycoproteins and incompletely assembled multimeric complexes. It also enhances folding efficiency by preventing aggregation and facilitating formation of proper disulfide b...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： D'Alessio C,Caramelo JJ,Parodi AJ

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A system of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones has evolved to optimize the output of properly folded secretory and membrane proteins. An important player in this network is Glucose Regulated Protein 94 (GRP94). Over the last decade, new structural and functional data have begun to delineate the unique characteristi...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Eletto D,Dersh D,Argon Y

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ontogenetic series of extinct taxa are extremely rare and when preserved often incomplete and difficult to interpret. However, the fossil record of amphibians includes a number of well-preserved ontogenetic sequences for temnospondyl and lepospondyl taxa, which have provided valuable information about the development ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Fröbisch NB,Olori JC,Schoch RR,Witzmann F

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharyngeal arches form the face and neck of the developing embryo. The pharyngeal tissue is divided into distinct arches by the formation of clefts and pouches in between the arches. These clefts and pouches form at the juxtaposition between the ectoderm and endoderm and develop into a variety of essential structu...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Grevellec A,Tucker AS

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kinesins are enzymes that use the energy of ATP to perform mechanical work. There are approximately 14 families of kinesins within the kinesin superfamily. Family classification is derived primarily from alignments of the sequences of the core motor domain. For this reason, the enzymatic behavior and motility of each ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Wordeman L

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Centrioles and basal bodies are MT based structures that present a highly conserved ninefold symmetry. Centrioles can be found at the core of the centrosome where they participate in PCM recruitment and organization, contributing to cytoplasmic MT nucleation. Basal bodies are normally located closely to the plasma mem...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Gogendeau D,Basto R

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is increasingly recognized that the non-neoplastic stromal compartment in most solid cancers plays an active role in tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant cell types in the tumor stroma, and these cells are pro-tumorigenic. Evidence that CAFs...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Gonda TA,Varro A,Wang TC,Tycko B

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00